बुद्ध धम्मात नक्की काय?

बुद्ध धम्मात नक्की काय\

/kekZarjkpk ,sfrgkfld y<k ,desokf}rh; nfyrkapk egkuk;d MkWa ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjkauh ;”kLohjhR;k y<yk- ukxHkwfeP;k e`rizk; >kysY;k tkf.kokauk jkrksjkr lpsru dj.;kpk egkijkØe ;k Hkwfeiw=kus d:u ns”kkpkp uOgs rj lkÚ;k txkps dkypØp cnywu Vkdys- tacqf}ikrhy vf[ky ek.kwldhpk /kEe f”kdo.kkÚ;k cq)kP;k /kEekps vla[; vMp.kh lgu djhr vk/kqfud Hkkjrkr iqu:Tthou dsys- ek.klkyk ek.kwl Eg.kwu tx.;kpk lerk] Lokra«;] ca/kqrk] U;k;] LokfHkeku] gDd] la?kVu] LolkeF;Z] f”k{k.k ns.kkjk cq)kpk /kEe nsÅu MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjkauh dksV;ko/kh cgqtukaojrh midkj dsys vkgs-

izkjafHkp lkaxkosls okVrs dh txkrY;k tso<;k /kekZpk vH;kl fuysZi o iwoZxzgfojfgr n`"Vhus MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjkauh dsyk ( rso<k dks.kR;kgh rFkdfFkr fo}ku Eg.kfo.kkÚ;kus dsyk ukgh- loZ /kekZkpk vH;kl d:u ekuuokP;k dY;k.kkpk ,d loZJs"B Ik;kZ; R;kauh fuoMyk o rks Eg.ktsp cq)kpk ^/kEe*- 1956 iklwu rs vkti;ZarP;k lkekftd] vkfFkZd] jktdh;] lkaLd`frd ifj.kkekaph rqyuk bFkY;k brj /kfeZ;ka”kh dsY;kl 1956 P;k iwfoZps vLi`”; Eg.kfoys tk.kkjs vkt loZ {ks=kr czkã.kkis{kkgh eqBHkj ljl Bjr vkgs- ,o<sp uOgs rj ,dfoljO;k “krdkr Hkkjrh; lektkr iwohZ czkã.kkyk ts LFkku gksrs rs udGri.ks vkt ckS)kauk feGk;yk ykxys- gs dq.;kgh ln~fopkjh ek.klkyk fun”kZukl ;sbZy- ghp nwjn`"Vh MkW- vkacsMdjkauk gksrh Eg.kwup R;kauh vkiY;k yk[kks cgwtu cka/kokalg ckS) /kEekph nh{kk ?ksryh-

cq) /kEe gk vk/kh dY;k.ke~( e/; dY;k.ke~ vkf.k vafregh dY;k.ke~p vlY;keqGs ( rlsp cq)kph tUeHkweh vkf.k cq)/kEekpk mxep Hkkjrkrhy vlY;keqGs izfrxkE;kauk rks vusd iz;Rukarhgh Hkkjrkrwu gíikj dj.ks 'kD; >kys ukgh-  dkj.k cq) /kEe Eg.kts ^ek.klkph ek.kwldh ti.kkjk ln~/kEe gks;*- Eg.kwup MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjkauk vusd /kfeZ;kauk vkiY;k /kekZr ;s.;klkBh ukukfo/k vkfe"ks nk[koyh gksrh- ijarq vkiY;k vla[; nfyr] vLi`”; cka/kokaP;k lq[kkpk o Hkkoh fi<;kaP;k eqfDrpk ekxZ QDr cq) /kEekrp R;kauk fnlyk o rks vkt lkFkZ >kY;kps vkt vki.k vuqHkorks vkgs-

Ø  cq)kP;k /kEekpk laf{kIr izkjaHkdky

vfMp gTtkj o"kkZiwohZ Egk.kts b-l- iwoZ 563 lkyh cq)kpk tUe >kyk- b-l- iwoZ 1500 P;k toGikl vk;kZauh fla/kw [kksÚ;krhy bFkY;kp ewyfuok”;koj vkØe.k d:u vkiY;k prwj dkO;kus gk lwfid izakr cGdkfoyk- R;kosGh ^fganw* gh ladYiukp uOgrh rsOgk gs vk;Zyksd Lor%yk Js"B o lUekuuh; letr Eg.kwu Lor%yk vk;Z Eg.kor- vk;Z ;k 'kCnkpk vFkZgh laLd`r ok izkd`rkr vknjuh;] Js"B vlkp fnyk vkgs- rsOgk fganw gk 'kCn dqBY;kgh fBdk.kh mYys[kysyk ukgh- lokZr ifgys ^fganw* ;k 'kCnkpk mYys[k vk<Grks rks Eg.kts b-l- 1030 e/;s vYcs:.khus dsysyk- ^fganw* ;k 'kCnkpk vFkZ ^dkfQj*- lkaxk;ps rkRi;Z vls dh cq)kP;k dkGkrhy lkekftd ifjfLFkrh gh vfr'k; lq[kkog gksrh- loZ lektkr 'kkarh o lq[kkps lkezkT; gksrs-

cq)kP;k /kEe izlkjkpk izkjaHk dkSf.M.;] oIi] Hkfn;] vLlftr o egkuke ;k ikp czkã.k ifjoztdkiklwu gksrks- rks ekuorkdsanzh /kEe vfr”k; osxkus yksdfiz; >kyk o oSfnd czkã.kkauk R;kpk vMlj okVw ykxyk- czkã.kkaps Js"BRo deh gksÅ ykxys- ;k fHkrhiksVh ca)kpk /kEe ;k Hkwferwu m[kMwu Vkd.;klkBh lukrU;kauh ukukfo/k iz;ksx dsys- R;krykp ,d Eg.kts iratyh o iq”;fe= 'kqax ;kauh /kEekpk izlkj dj.kkÚ;k egkcykf/kd`r lezkV v”kksdkP;k ofgokVsus pky.kkÚ;k nsokuafiz; c`gnzFk egkjktkapk nxkckthus [kw.k dsyk- iq”;fe=kus vusd fHkD[kqaps f”kjdku d:u ckS) ok³~e; o i;kZ;kus ca) /kEep ;k Hkwferwu uke”ks"k dj.;kpk ?kkV cka/kyk gksrk- rj iratyhus Le`rh fygwu lektkph czkã.kh /kekZph eqGa ?kêa dj.;kpk cgqtukaP;k v/kksxrhlkBh vekuq"k fu;ekoyh r;kj d:u R;kauk lGksdhiGks d:u lksMys- ek= ek.klkaP;k ek.kwldhpk vftaD; /kEe gkp lektkr brdk :tyk dh vfMp gtkj o"kkZuarjgh rks rso<;kp ltZu”khyrsus lektkr izLFkfir >kyk-

gk bFkojpk cq) /kEekpk laf{kIr iaokl ikfgY;kuarj 20 O;k 'krdkpk uohu vkfo"dkj ?kMyk rks MkW- ckcklkgsc vkscsMdjkaP;k :ikus- vkiY;k nfyr vl.;kP;k vla[; ;kruk lkslwu R;koj ekr dj.;kpk fu/kkZj ckcklkgsckauh dsyk- vusd o"kZ fofo/k /kekZpk l[kksy o ln~lnfoosd cq)hus vH;kl d:u v[ksj Hkkjr Hkwferhypcq)kP;k /kEekus vkiys o vkiY;k lekt cka/kokaps dY;k.k lk/kw 'kdrks( ;k nwjn`"Vhus R;kauh loZ /kekZaps vkfe"k /kqMdkowu cq)kP;k thou tx.;kP;k i)rhpkp Eg.kts cq)kP;k /kEekpk 14 vkDVks- 1956 jksth Lohdkj dsyk- ghp [kjh cq)kP;k iqu:Tthoukph [kjh ik;jh gks;-

Ø   fganw /kekZph ^ek.kwl* gh ladYiuk

eWfD>e xksdhZ ¼Maxim Gorkey½ ;k jf”k;u ys[kdkP;k ers ^;k txkr loZJs"B o loZlqanj dk; vlsy rj rks Eg.kts ^ek.kwl*- i.k ;kp ek.klkyk fganw /kekZr o.kkZJekuqlkj i'kw] i{kh o dhM;k&eqax;kais{kkgh ghu ntkZ fnY;k tkrks- LokHkkfodp dks.kR;kgh nfyr] ihfMr] LokfHkekuh ek.klkyk fganw lekt O;oLFksP;k fo"ke okx.kwdheqGs gsp iz”u iMr vlrhy-----

1½Li`”;kLi`”; useds vkgs dk;\ vkf.k vkgs rj gk Hksn dk\

2½nfyr ihfMrkauk lUekuiwoZd okx.kwd o thou tx.;kph la/kh dk nsr ukgh\

3½laLdkj vkf.k f”k{k.kkiklwu fi<;ku~fi<;k R;kauk dk oafpr  Bsoys vkgs\

4½eafnj izos”k dk ukdkjY;k tkrs\

5½vkfFkZd mUUkrhlkBh ok /kulap;klkBh vkEgkykp ca/ku dk\

6½vfr”k; ghu ntkZph dkes QDr vkEgh nfyrkauhp dk djk;ph\

7½nfyrgh fganwp vkgs rj ex gh fo"kerk dk\ vkepsp 'kks"k.k dk\

8½fganw&fganw e/;sp gk HksnHko dk\

vls y{kko/kh iz”u vkgs dh T;kps mRrj fganw /kekZP;k dks.kR;kgh 'kk[ksus fnys rjh R;kapk LokFkZ m?kMm?kM Li"V  gksrks- vkrk vki.kklp lrdZ jkgwu ;kiklwu eqDrrk d:u ?ksryh ikfgts- vkf.k rs tj VkGk;ps vlsy rj ts eqG uklda vkgs rs eqGap miVwu Vkdwu uO;kus chtjksi.k dsys ikfgts- ;k Hkkjrkr fganw] eqfLye] f”k[k] blkbZ] ckS) v”kk loZp tkrh /kekZps yksd jkgrkr- rjhgh gs fganw /kekZrys lukruh Eg.kfo.kkjs fganw e/kY;kp [kkyP;k o.kkZrhy yksdkaukp dk NGrkr\ eqfLye fdaok f”k[kkauk rs vkiY;k ca/kukr dk Bsor ukgh ;kpsgh ,d iz;kstu vkgs- ^liZ csMdkyk NGrks i.k eqaxlkyk ikgwu Q.kk [kkyh Vkdrks]₃ fganw /kekZP;k ik;krGh iMysY;k vLi`”; oxkZyk csMdkizek.ks letwu rks R;kps gkykgky djrks( i.k eqlyeku eqaxlk”kh xkB iMyh dh ;kp fganwaph xk=s f<yh iMrkr-Eg.kwu fganw /kekZps loZ vekuq"kh NG Fkkacok;ps vlsy rj R;kpk R;kx dj.ksp b"V Bjrs- ek= bFksgh ,d rtfot d:u Bsoyh vkgsp vk/;kfRed HkksGsi.kkpk Qk;nk ?ksÅu R;kauh dkYifud xhrsP;k ek/;ekrwu tulkekU;kauk fHkrh ?kkywu fnyh vkgs- /kekZarj dsys rj vLi`”;kaukp nks"k ns.ks ok R;kaP;koj /keZnzksg&ns”knzksgkpk vkjki yko.ks fdaok ^Lo/kekZr jkgwu ej.ksgh Js;Ldj i.k ij/kekZpk Lohdkj dj.ks ikiog o Hk;kog vkgs]- ;k fHkrhus vusd cka/ko ^Lo/kekZ* rp f[kpir iMys vkgs- gk fu"d"kZ [kqí MkW- ckcklkgsckapk vkgs- vk/kqfud dkGkr cgqtukauh ;k xks"Vhiklwu cks/k ?ksÅu] vkRefparu d:u ;ksX; fu.kZ;kizr iksgpys ikfgts- fganw /kekZr jkgwu ek.kwl Lor%pk ok brjkapk dq.kkpkgh fodkl d: 'kdr ukgh- ftFks ek.klkyk ek.kwl Eg.kowu ?ks.;kpkgh gDd ukgh R;k dksMekjk dj.kkÚ;k fganwaP;k njoktk ulysY;k beY;kP;k cqMk”kh rqEgh jkgrkp dls \ vkiys iwoZt vMk.kh] vKkuh gksrs Eg.kwu R;kauh ;k ;kruk lgu dsY;k- ;klkBh loZ ekuo tkrhyk dsoG ,dp i;kZ; vkgs rks Eg.kts cq)kP;k /kEekpk !  gs fufoZokn lR; vkgs rs dq.kkgh lqK ek.klkyk pkSQsj utj fQjowu fujh{k.k dsys rjhgh pVdu y{kkr ;sbZy- ek= dsoG /kekZarj dj.ks Eg.kts vkiyk fodkl >kyk vls uOgs- /kekZarj gh dkgh iksj[ksG ok ekStspk fo"k; uOgs \*₄ /kekZarj dsY;kojp [kjk ekulkpk uohu tUe gksrks- iwokZJehP;k laLdkjkauk frykatyh nsÅu loZLoh uO;k /kekZph vkpj.k i)rh vkRelkr djkoh ykxrs- /keZ R;kxwu /kEe Eg.ktsp cq)kus lkafxrysY;k dY;k.kdkjh thou tx.;kP;k i)rhpk dkVsdksji.ks vafxdkj djko;kl gok- rsOgkp bfPNr lek/kku o lq[kh thoukpk LokuqHko ?ksrk ;sbZy o ek.klkyk ek.kwl vkf.k R;kps LoRo lkiMsy-

Ø  /kekZarjklkBh cq) /kEep dk \

;k iz”ukps mRrj ns.ks vxnh lksis gksÅu tkrs rs Eg.kts MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjkaeqGs- ckcklkgsckauk /kekZarjkph tk.kho ponkj rG;kP;k y<;kuarj izd"kkZus tk.koyh- R;kapk txkrhy /kekZapk vH;kl ikgw tkrk ckcklkgsckauh tso<k lk[kksy o loZ dkaxksjs pkpiwu R;krhy xq.knks"kkalg rkfRod fopkj d:u ,dk fu"d"kkZi;Zar iksgp.ks QDr vkf.k QDr ckcklkgsckaukp teys- HkkSfrdoknh] bgoknh] tMoknh] ykSfdd thouk”kh izkekf.kd vl.kkÚ;k o dk;Zdkj.kHkkokpk LFkk;hHkko vl.kkÚ;k cq)kP;k ifjiw.kZ /kEekpk R;kauh Lohdkj dsyk-

/kekZarjkpk gk fopkj 1927 P;k ponkj rG;kP;k y<;kiklwu lw: >kyk gksrk- ^cfg"d`r Hkkjr* o ^turk* ;k o`Rri=kae/kwu gh Hkwfedk Li"V gksrs- fofo/k tkrh ,d= ;sÅu la?kVu r;kj >kY;kuarj vkgs R;k /kekZpk R;kx d:u ,dk lw=kr loZ nfyr ihfMrkauk vk.k.ks gk gsrw ckcklkgsckapk gksrk- ^/keZ* ;k 'kCnkpk lukrU;kauhp ykoysyk vFkZ Eg.kts R;kaps rFkdFkhr usrs yks- fVGdkauh lkafxrysyk /kekZpk vFkZ ^T;kus loZ iztsps /kkj.k gksrs rks /keZ-* ek= bFks iztk dks.k \ rj QDr czkã.k- vLi`”; gs ek.kwlgh ukgh vkf.k i'kwgh ukgh- gh foHkkx.kh tk.khoiwoZd dsY;kps fnlrs-<sub>5</sub> fganw /keZ 'kkL=dkjkauh ^vH;qn;&fu%Js;l fl)h%* v”kh loZlaer /kekZph O;k[;k lkafxryh R;kr ikjekfFkZd vkf.k ,sfgd v”kh foHkkx.kh vkgs ikjekfFkZd /keZ gk eks{kizkIrhlkBh ekxZ nk[kforks o ,sfgd /keZ bgykSfdd dY;k.klkBh uhfrfu;ekaps fucZa/k ?kkywu nsrks- ,danj loZp /keZ ikjekfFkZdn`"V;k ,d:ip vkgs-  /kekZarjkus euq";kP;k vkRE;kpk v/k%ikr gksrks gh fopkjlj.kh oSKkfud ikrGhoj ok rRofparukP;k ikrGhoj Qksy Bjrs- gs lkax.kkjs yksd vekuq"k] /kekZa/k] LokrkZa/k vlsp vlrkr- vkgs R;k tUekrp tj lq[k ukgh R;kpk Qk;nk dk; \ eks{k feGowu nqlÚ;k tUekps lkFkZd d:u ?ks.;klkBh vkgs rks tUe dk ok;k ?kkyok;pk gk fopkj tks ln~fopkjh ek.kwl djrks R;kyk /kekZarjkr dqByhgh m.kho Hkklr ukgh- /kkj.kkr /keZ% ;kph ,sfgd cktw y{kkr ?ksryh rj tks /keZ 'kjhjkps] cq)hps ;ksX; jhrhus /kkj.k iks"k.k djrks rksp [kjk ekuorkoknh /keZ i.k Hkkjrh; vkf.k txkrhy loZp /kekZae/;s ek.klkaek.klkae/;s foHkktu d:u vLi`”;kauk R;kp /kekZph ek= osxGh fu;ekoyh vlY;kus R;kyk vkiys vk;q"; lq[kog djrk ;s.ks 'kD;p gksr ukgh- ^^fganw /kekZus vLi`”;kauk 'krdkuq”krds  ik;nGh nMiwu Bsowu R;kaP;k bgykSfdd dY;k.kkP;k ekxkZr dkVs il:u Bsoys vkgsr- Eg.kwup tks /keZ vkiyh /kkj.kk d: 'kdsy] vkiY;k 'kkjhfjd vkf.k ckSf/kd fodklkyk oko nsbZy v”kkp /kekZr vLi`”; oxkZyk izos”k djko;kpk vkgs-**₆ gs MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjkaps fopkj vkiY;k cgqtu cka/kokalkBh vktgh dY;k.kdkjhp Bjrkauk fnlr vkgs-

/kekZaps fu;e gs ek.klklkBh vkgs ek= ek.kla fu;ekalkBh ukgh- fu;ekaps izkcY; gs ek.klkaP;k v/kksxrhlkBh gksr vlsy rj rs fu;e ul.ksp mfpr Bjrs- fganw /kekZr useds gsp fnlwu ;srs- /kekZarjkph ?kks"k.kk dsY;kuarj ukf”kdP;k /keZekrZaMkaph izfrfØ;k ^egkj esyk vkf.k foVkG xsyk* v”kh gksrh- ;kp dkGkr eqlyekuh iq<kÚ;kauhgh fganwLFkkukr eqfLye la[;kcG ok<fo.;kP;k gsrwus ^vkeP;k /kekZr ;k* vls lkdMs ckcklkgsckauk eqfLye iq<kÚ;kauh ?kkrys Eg.kts ek.klkaP;k dêj /keZcq)hiq<s R;kaph ek.kwldh dqBs xgkG gksrs gsp R;kauk mexr ukgh-

fganw /kekZyk ckcklkgsckapk fojks/k uOgrk ijarq R;k /kekZrhy fo"kerk u"V d:u lerkf/kf"Br yksd”kkgh izLFkkfir gksbZy ;k vk”ksus vusd vLi`”;ks)kjd y<s mHkk:u ikfgys ijarq iksVkrhy eG tksi;Zar vkr vlsy rksi;Zar dqMh 'kq)h gksr ukgh( R;kizek.ks fganw /kekZrhy tGeVa dk<.ks gs /kekZarjkf”kok; 'kD; ukgh ;kph tk.kho R;kauk >kyh- fganw /kekZpk R;kx gk iz”u tsOgk vkyk rsOgk fganwRookn;kaP;k >ksik mMkY;k 'kadjkpk;Z] MkW- dqrZdksVh] MkW- eqats] bR;kfnauh ^vLi`”;kauh fganw /kekZP;k toG vl.kkÚ;k 'kh[k /kekZr tkos* vls vktZo ckcklkgsckauk dsys-₇ ek= fganw /kekZr ts ukgh rs 'kh[k iaFkkr vkgs- lerk] ca/kqrk] Lodh;klaca/kh vkiqydh g;k ek.kwldhP;k xks"Vh 'kh[k /kekZr vkgs- ijarq vLi`”;kauk Hkkjrh; /kekZr ghu ntkZpsp LFkku vkys vlrs-₆ Eg.kwu 1936 P;k ;k 'kh[k /kekZP;k fopkjkuarj ckcklkgsckuh eqGP;k Hkkjrh; oa”kkP;k cq)kP;k vf[ky ekuorkoknh /kEekpkp Lohdkj dsyk dh T;k /kEekr ekuoh Lokra«;] lerk] ca/kqrk] lkekftd U;k;] la?kBu] LolkeF;Z] lalkjlq[k] LokfHkeku] gDd] f”k{k.k bR;knh xks"V lgt lk/; gksbZy-

Ø  21 O;k 'krdkrhy /kekZarj

21 O;k 'krdkrhy vusd /kkfeZd myk<kyh >kY;k- R;kr f[kz”pu] eqfLye] fganw /kekZps izkcY; fnlwu ;srs- 1956 uarj MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjkauh cq)rRoKkukoj vk/kkjhr lerk] Lokra«;] U;k;kph jkT;?kVuk ;k ns”kkyk cgky dsyh- rls ikgw tkrk ?kVuk T;k fno”kh ykxw >kyh R;kp fno”kh Hkkjr CkkS)e; >kyk- ns”kkP;k /otkoj nsokuafiz; lezkV v”kksdkps lerkf/k"Bhr pØ R;kph Xogh nsrs- ;k ?kVus}kjs f”k{k.k] Kku rGkxGkrhy yksdkai;Zar iksgpys- fi<;ku~fi<;k nkfjnz;kr] vKkukr f[kpir iMysyk lekt tkx`r Ogk;yk ykxyk- 1960 uarj vkikiY;k O;Fkk ekaM.;kps /kkMl izR;sd lektkrhy ?kVdkdMwu Ogk;yk ykxys- R;akP;k /kekZrhy Lor%ps LFkku mexk;yk ykxys vkf.k ckcklkgsckaeqGs nfyr lekt fganw /kekZpk R;kx d:u 50 o"kkZrp izR;sd {ks=kr fo|eku >kY;kps fp= cgqtukrhyp dkghauk HksMlkor jkfgyY;kps izR;arj ;sr vkgs- ;kpsp ifjektZu Eg.kts ljG cq) /kEekr u ;srk uouO;k /kekZph Lfkiuk d:u Lor%ph o vkiY;k lektkph t.kw rs Qlo.kwdp djhr vkgs- cq) /kEekr ;s.;kps /kkMl R;kauk vktikosrks >kys ukgh- vFkkZr cq) /kEekpk Lohdkj dsY;kf”kok; rj.ksik; ukgh ;kph tk.kho R;kaukgh vkgs- vkt uk m|k rsgh /kkMl rs djrhy vlk vk”kokn O;Dr d:;k-

      vusd f[kz”pu /keZizlkjd  cgqtukaP;k nkfjnz;kpk Qk;nk ?ksÅu R;kauk f[kz”pu /kekZdMs oGforkauk fnlrs- /kekZph tcjnLrh d:u pkyr ukgh- /kekZarj gs eukP;k ikrGhoj vkRelkr djrk ;k;yk gos- rsOgkp /keZ fujarj fVdrks- vktP;k ?kMhyk dsoG oSpkfjd ikrGhoj /kEekps LFkku iVwu cgwtukrhy vusd tkrh&iksVTkkrh] tekrhalg czkã.kkrY;kgh vusd ln~foosdh O;fDrauh cq)/kEekrp /kekZarj dsys vkgs- gs loZ Kkup{kw m?kMs BsÅu tx.kkÚ;kyk lgt izR;;kl ;sbZy- ek.klkyk thou ,dnkp feGrs rksp tUe QDr R;kP;k gkrh vlrks- R;kps lkFkZd R;kus cq)kP;k ^cgqtu fgrk;( cgqtu lq[kk;* v”kk cq)kP;k /kEekr ;sÅu djkos- vlk vk”kkokn ekuodsanzh cq)/kEe gtkjks o"kZs ekuo tkrhyk nsr jkfgyk o iq<s pkywu vls >kys rj txkr QDr ,dp tkr fnlsy vkf.k rh Eg.kts cq)iz.khr ^ek.kwl* ;kps Js; tkbZy FksV MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjkauk- Eg.kwup MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsMdjiz.khr cq)/kEekpkp dsoG fopkj d:u R;kps vkpj.k djkos- ckcklkgsckapk cq) gk bgoknh] HkkSfrdoknh] tMoknh o dk;Zdkj.kHkko rikl.kkjk vkgs- gkp cq) 1956 lkyh ukxiwjP;k nh{kkHkwehoj yk[kks cka/kokaps nfyrRo >qxk:u ckS)Ro Lohdkjys- ;k lektcka/kokalkBh R;kauh laiw.kZ ckS)rRoKkukph ekaM.kh dsoG 22 izfrKkae/;s d:u Bsoyh vkgs- ;k 22 izfrKk tjh lkaHkkGrk vkY;k rjh ekulkps thou lkFkZd gksbZy ;kr frGek= 'kadk ukgh-

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प्रा. पद्माकर तामगाडगे मुंबई.